The language list this browser reports, in the order it prefers them. Nothing is uploaded.
The first tag is the language this tab asks for. The rest are fallbacks. A tag such as zh-CN names a language and a region, not the city you are in.
The list is read in this tab. It is not uploaded.
Sites can read this list in the page, and the request also sends an Accept-Language header. This page shows the list from the tab.
No. zh-CN means the language preference, not a city lookup.
Yes. The list is in the order the browser prefers them.
No. The list stays in this tab.
That page names the browser. This page names the languages it asks for.